2017年高考备考难点之阅读主旨大意题

阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力，然而，学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是：只见树木，不见森林。

　　案例探究
　　1.There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art.Washington D.C.,the US,has the National Gallery of Art;Paris has the Louver,London,the British Museum.Florida International University(FIU) in Miami,the US also shows art for visitors to see.And it does so without a building,or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.
　　FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States.You don't have to visit the University to see the art.You just need a computer linked to a telephone.
　　You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it.All of the art is stored in the school computer.It is computer art,produced electronically by artists on their own computers.In only a few minutes,your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.
　　Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum.He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work.
　　A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records,or floppy discs,to others to see on their computers.He could also put his pictures on paper,of course.But to print good pictures on paper,the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer.
　　Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities.Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students.Mr. Shostak said the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it.He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience.And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum.
　　Question:The main purpose of this text is to give information about ________.
　　A.famous museums throughout the world
　　B.an electronic art museum in Miami,U.S.A.
　　C.art exhibitions in Florida International University
　　D.latest development in computer art
　　命题意图：本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力，属五星级题目。
　　错解分析：本题错选C、D两项的学生较多，原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片语，而忽视了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯穿文章始终的museum一词。
　　解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓住每段文字的主旨大意，尤其是文章的前两段。第一段作者告诉我们全世界有许多著名的艺术博物馆；第二段主要讲Florida International University新开的电脑艺术博物馆。随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博物馆的运作做了说明。（2）运用排除法，将较具干扰性的C、D两项排除掉。C项错误在于art exhibitions;D项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展，与文章的前两段无法相符，也没有呼应贯穿文章始终的"art museum"。
　　答案：B

　　2.NMET 2002
　　In 1901,H.G. Wells,an English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探险者) landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprise to the "moon people" they met.In turn,the "moon people" expressed their surprise."Why,"they asked,"are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?"
　　H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the "moon people" asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
　　Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,Seoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The "Chunnel",a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France is now complete.
　　But what about underground cities?Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called "Alice Cities".The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.
　　Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space.The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wildernes.H.G.Wells' "moon people" would agree.Would you?
　　Question:What would be the best title for the text?
　　A.Alice Cities-cities of the future.     B.Space travel with H.G. Wells.
　　C.Enjoy living underground.       D.Building down,not up.
　　命题意图：本题旨在考查学生的归纳概括能力，是一道主旨大意题，属五星级题目。
　　错解分析：此题学生容易错选B项，原因是没有通览全篇，只抓住了文章的后半部分，尤其是第四段。
　　解题方法与技巧：（1）通览全文，抓首段大意。（2）文章开篇叙述了H.G. Wells在其科幻小说中的"月球人"询问月球探险者："为什么地球人不利用地球内部空间而到地球外部空间旅行呢？"；接着下一段讲述越来越多的科学家正在认真思考这一问题；随后两段叙述underground systems的利用及日本underground cities的设计；然后再根据文章最后一段首句："Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space"，可判断出此题答案。
　　答案：D

　　锦囊妙计
　　1.通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话（尤其是论述性或说明性文章）。

　　2.归纳文章的段落大意。把握文章总体。

　　3.重视重要情节、人物及事物特征。

　　4.注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇。

　　5.重视题干中的关键词汇：main idea,the best title,the writer mainly wants to tell (or:show)…