小学生中秋节作文、手抄报、黑板报材料

宋朝

　　宋朝在杭州另有一特殊的中秋景观,即钱塘观潮.由於钱塘江口地形类似一漏斗,每当海潮涌至,受到渐进渐狭的地形影响,波浪便重重叠叠堆积成一道水墙,声势极为壮观.苏东坡在杭州任佑府时,曾作过一首《中秋夜观潮》,描述观潮人数之众多,及潮水汹涌之气势：

定知玉兔十分圆,已作霜风九月寒.

寄语重门休上锁,夜潮留向月中看.

万人鼓噪慑吾侬,犹似浮江老阿童.

欲识潮头高几许,越山浑在浪花中.

　　《武林旧事》中的另一段文字则更具体的描述了潮水震撼天地的磅薄气势：「方其远出海门,仅如银线,既而渐近,则玉城雪岭,际天而来.大声如雷霆,震撼激射,吞天沃日,势极雄豪」.直至今日,钱塘观潮仍是浙江省中秋节最具特色的观光据点.

元朝

　　元朝虽以异族入主中原,但所受汉化甚深.节日习俗也大半沿袭汉人旧制.到了明朝,赏月，祭月，吃月饼的风俗大盛.

　　田汝成（约一五四○前后在世）的《西湖游览志余》「熙朝乐事」记载明人多於中秋节以月饼相馈赠,取其圆形的「团圆」之义.夜晚则设赏月之宴,或携带酒食至湖海之畔游赏.刘侗，于奕正合著的《帝京景物略》（一六三五）卷之二则详细描述了中秋祭月的供品：月饼必须是圆,所供的瓜果则必须切成如莲花般的牙瓣.街市出售月光纸,上面绘有月偏照菩萨,下绘月轮桂殿,有一兔人立捣药於其中.祭月后将月光纸焚烧,所供的果饼分给家中的每一成员.中秋节又是团圆节,所以纵使有归宁的女子,也必定於此日返其夫家团聚.

明朝

　　至於明人赏月的盛会,则有张岱（一五九七—一六七一！）以其生花妙笔,为我们作了下面这段极其风雅记述.《陶庵梦忆》卷五的「虎邱中秋夜」：

　　虎邱八月半,土著，流寓，士夫，眷属，女乐，声伎，曲中名妓，戏婆，民间少妇，好女，崽子，娈童及游冶恶少，清客，帮闲， 僮，走空之辈,无不麟集.自生公台，千人石，鹤涧，剑池，申文定祠，下至试剑石一二山门,皆 毡席地坐,登高望之,如雁落平沙,霞 江上.天暝,月上,鼓吹十百处,大吹大擂,渔阳参挝,动地翻天,雷轰鼎沸,呼叫不闻.更定,鼓铙渐歇,丝管繁兴,杂以歌唱.皆「锦帆开澄湖万顷」同场大曲,蹲踏和锣丝竹肉声,不辨拍煞.更深,人渐散去,士夫眷属皆下船水嬉,席席徵歌,人人献技南北杂之,管弦迭奏,听者方辨字句,藻鉴随之.二鼓人静,悉屏管弦,洞萧一缕,哀清绵,与肉目引,尚存三四,迭更为之.三鼓,月孤气肃,不杂蚊虻.一夫登场,高坐石上,不箫不拍,声出如丝,裂石穿云,串度扬,一字一刻,听者寻入芥,心血为枯,不敢击节,惟有点头.然此时雁比而坐者,犹存百十人焉.使非苏州,焉讨识者.

　　晚明文人的生活情趣,从这则「虎邸中秋夜」或能略窥一二.

清朝

　　明人拜月时用的「月光纸」,到了清朝,改了个名字叫「月光马儿」.富察敦崇的《燕京岁时记》（一九○六年）.记载：「月光马者,以纸为之,上绘太阴星君,如菩萨像,下绘月宫及捣药之兔.人立而执杵,藻彩精致,金碧辉煌,市肆间多卖之者.长者七，八尺,短者二，三尺,顶有二旗,作红绿,笆或黄色,向月而供之.焚香行礼,祭毕与千张，元宝等一并焚之」.

　　清又流传著一句话：「男不拜月,女不窜」.所以拜月就成了妇女的专利,家中的主妇忙著拜月,小孩子也不愁没事干.中秋节前几天,街市上都会卖一种专供儿童月用的「兔儿爷」.兔儿爷的起源约在明末.明人纪坤（约一六三六年前后在世）的《花王阁剩稿》：「京中秋节多以泥抟兔形,衣冠踞坐如人状,儿女祀而拜之」. www.duoxue8.com

　　到了清代,兔儿爷的功能已由祭月转变为儿童的中秋节玩具.制作也日趋精致,有扮成武将头戴盔甲，身披戢袍的，也有背插纸旗或纸伞，或坐或立的.坐则有麒麟虎豹等等.也有扮成兔首人身之商贩，或是剃头师父，或是缝鞋，卖馄钝，茶汤的,不一而足.

英文中秋节的手抄报.实用英语

The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox(秋分). Many referred to it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon".

This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates(石榴), melons, oranges and pomelos(柚子) might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes, cooked taro(芋头)and water caltrope(菱角), a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.

The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds(西瓜子), lotus seeds(莲籽), almonds(杏仁), minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard(猪油). A golden yolk(蛋黄) from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year," that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary(闰月的) moon. uUlsda E

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalent in the Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it becomes dark, they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense(熏香), planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them.

Moon Cakes

There is this story about the moon-cake. during the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and was called the Moon Cake.

For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates(枣子), wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the English holiday seasons. www.duoxue8.com

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