情态动词考查热点透视

◇ 山东  籍万杰
    情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

    一、情态动词表推测
    1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
    ①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
    A. shall    B. must
    C. may     D. can
    ②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
    —It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
    A. has to be   B. will be
    C. mustn’t be  D. could be
    ③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
    A. must drop
    B. must have dropped 
    C. must be dropping
    D. must have been dropped
    ④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
    A. would  B. could
    C. had to   D. ought to
    Key: C D B B

    2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
    1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
    You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
    A. must   B. shall
    C. may    D. need
    Key： C
    2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
    ①—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
    —Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
    A. shouldn’t  B. mustn’t
    C. can’t      D. wouldn’t
    ②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
 — No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）
    A. can’t        B. must not
    C. won’t       D. may not
    Key: C A

    3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 
    Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
    A. can   B. should
    C. may   D. must
    Key：A

    4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
    ①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
    A. should have been doing
    B. must have been doing
    C. could have done
    D. would have done
    ②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）
    A. should     B. must
    C. wouldn’t   D. can’t
    ③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?
    —Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
    A. must happen
    B. should have happened 
    C. could have happened
    D. must have happened
    ④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
    A. couldn’t have attended
    B. needn’t have atterded
    C. mustn’t have attended
    D. shouldn’t have attended
    Key: B B D A

    二、“情态动词+完成式”
    1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
    ①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
    — You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷） 
    A． ought to tell
    B． would have told
    C． must tell
    D． should have told
    ②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
    A. shouldn’t eat
    B. mustn’t have eaten
    C. shouldn’t have eaten
    D. mustn’t eat
    Key: D C

    2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
    He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
    A. could     B. would
    C. must      D. need
    Key：A

    3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
    You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
    — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
    — Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
    A. needn’t do
    B. needn’t have done
    C. mustn’t do
    D. shouldn’t have done
    Key: B

    三、常见的情态动词
    1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
    ①“The interest       be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
    A. may B. should
    C. must D. shall
   ②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
    — You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
    A. shan’t   B. might not
    C. needn’t   D. shouldn’t
    ③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
    — Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
    A. Will     B. Shall

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